Shopping bags

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Marine debris is particularly difficult to quantify and assess. Researchers at the World Trade Institute estimate that the cost of removing this waste, particularly from Marine ecosystems, is close to $13 billion a year. The main concern is the Marine environment, so the most important cleanup effort is to clean up the Marine garbage patches. In 2017, a garbage patch about the size of Mexico was discovered in the Pacific Ocean. The size of the dump is estimated at more than a million square miles. Although the dumps (plastic bottles, cans and bags) contain visible waste that can be removed, the tiny plastic particles are difficult to break down by microbes." According to National Geographic, nearly 38 million vulnerable environments are not biodegradable each year.

It can also be used to provide a sanctuary for invasive species, such as tubeworms and barnacles. Under the influence of alien invasive species, the ecosystem has changed, and so has the natural balance, genetic diversity, and richness of the original resident species and resources.